RESPIRASI AEROB


Respirasi aerob adalah proses pembebasan energi yang terkandung dalam makanan menjadi energy ATP yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh kita untuk melaksanakan kinerjanya.

Overall we can show the proccess like this



1) GLIKOLISIS

a) Terjadi pada sitosol

b) Berlangsung secara anaerob

c) Tahapan :

i) Tahap pertama adalah pemecahan molekul glukosa(6C) membentuk senyawa berupa Phosfogliseraldehid (PGAL), yaitu senyawa beratom C-6 yang mendapat tambahan fosfat yang memerlukan energy dari 2 molekul ATP

ii) Tahap selanjutnya adalah dimana molekul PGAL kemudian akan membelah membentuk 2 senyawa 3 rantai karbon dan 1 fosfat yang disebut 3GP atau 3-Phospoglycerade, kemudian masing-masing 3GP akan berubah menjadi asam piruvat dengan melepaskan energi sebanyak 1 molekul ATP dan pelepasan 1 atom hidrogen yang berpotensi energi tinggi, dimana selanjutnya hidrogen yang dilepaskan ini akan ditangkap oleh kofaktor berupa NAD+ dan membentuk senyawa 2NADH2.

iii) Hasil akhir dari tahap Glikolisis menghasilkan 2 molekul asam piruvat, 2 molekul ATP, dan 2 molekul NADH2. Selanjutnya senyawa asam piruvat memasuki membran mitokondria untuk tahap berikutnya

.


2) DEKARBOKSILASI OKSIDATIF

a) Sebelum masuk ke tahap selanjutnya dalam mitokondria, asam piruvat terlebih dahulu akan diubah menjadi senyawa Asetil Co-A dan berlangsung dalam membrane mitokondria. Tahapannya sebagai berikut:

i) Senyawa asam piruvat yang mengandung 3 atom karbon, dioksidasi dengan bantuan enzim piruvat dehidrogenase untuk melepas 1 atom karbonnya dan mengubahnya menjadi CO2. Bersamaan dengan terbentuknya CO2, NAD+ akan direduksi dan membentuk NADH.

ii) Selanjutnya, terbentuklah senyawa dengan 2 atom karbon yang disebut acetyl group, yang kemudian akan ditambahkan dengan koenzim A membentuk Acetyl Koenzim-A

3) SIKLUS KREB

a) Berlangsung dalam matriks mitokondria

b) Tahapan siklus krebs:

i) Siklus Krebs diawali dengan masuknya Asetil CoA (beratom C2) yang bereaksi dengan asam oksaloasetat (beratom C4) menghasilkan Asam Sitrat (beratom C6).

ii) Secara bertahap Asam sitrat melepaskan satu per satu atom C nya hingga akhirnya kembali menjadi asam oksaloasetat(beratom C4), peristiwa ini diikuti dengan reaksi reduksi (pelepasan elektron & ion hidrogen) oleh NAD+ dan FAD+ menghasilkan 2 molekul NADH2, 2 molekul FADH2, dan 2 molekul ATP. Dari seluruh rangkaian peristiwa siklus Krebs dihasilkan : 4 molekul CO2, 6 molekul NADH2 , 2 molekul FADH2, dan 2 molekul ATP.




4) TRANSPORT ELEKTRON

a) Sebanyak 10 molekul NADH2 dan 2 molekul FADH2 dihasilkan selama tahap glikolisis dan siklus Krebs. Seluruhnya akan memasuki reaksi redoks pada sistem transpor elektron.

b) Tahapan :

i) Mula-mula molekul NADH2 memasuki reaksi dan dihidrolisis oleh enzim dehidrogenase kembali menjadi ion NAD+ diikuti pelepasan 3 ATP, kemudian diikuti molekul FADH2 yang dihidrolisis oleh enzim flavoprotein kembali menjadi ion FAD+ dan menghasilkan 2 molekul ATP, keduanya juga melepaskan ion Hidrogen diikuti elektron, peristiwa ini disebut reaksi oksidasi.

ii) Selanjutnya elektron ini akan ditangkap oleh Fe+++ sebagai akseptor elektron dan dikatalis oleh enzim sitokrom b, c, dan a. Peristiwa ini disebut reaksi reduksi. Reaksi reduksi dan oksidasi ini berjalan terus sampai elektron ini ditangkap oleh Oksigen (O2) sehingga berikatan dengan ion Hidrogen (H+) menghasilkan H2O (air). Hasil akhir dari sistem transpor elektron ini adalah 34 molekul ATP, 6 molekul H2O (air).



Secara keseluruhan reaksi respirasi sel aerob menghasilkan 38 molekul ATP, 6 molekul H2O, dan 6 molekul CO2.

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